Rousseau" redirects here. For other uses, see Rousseau (disambiguation).
Jean-Jacques Rousseau Western Philosophers
18th century philosophy
(Modern Philosophy)
A 1766 portrait of Rousseau by Allan Ramsay
Born 28 June 1712(1712-06-28)
Geneva, Switzerland
Died 2 July 1778 (aged 66)
Ermenonville, France
School/tradition Social contract theory, Enlightenment
Main interests Political philosophy, music, education, literature, autobiography
Notable ideas General will, amour-propre, moral simplicity of humanity
Influenced by
Niccolò Machiavelli, Michel De Montaigne, Thomas Hobbes, John Locke, Denis Diderot
Influenced
Kant, Robespierre, Louis de Saint-Just, Fichte, Hegel, Goethe, Romanticism, Paine, Comte, Bolivar, Karl Marx, Engels, Derrida, Paul de Man, Benedetto Croce, Galvano Della Volpe, Claude Lévi-Strauss, Émile Durkheim, Mikhail Bakunin, Leon Tolstoi, John Rawls
Jean Jacques Rousseau (Geneva, 28 June 1712 – Ermenonville, 2 July 1778) was a major philosopher, writer, and composer of the eighteenth century Enlightenment, whose political philosophy influenced the French Revolution and the development of modern political and educational thought. His novel, Emile: or, On Education, which he considered his most important work, is a seminal treatise on the education of the whole person for citizenship. His Sentimental Novel, Julie, ou la nouvelle Héloïse, was of great importance to the development of pre-Romanticism[1] and romanticism in fiction .[2] Rousseau's autobiographical writings: his Confessions, which initiated the modern autobiography, and his Reveries of a Solitary Walker (along with the works of Lessing and Goethe in Germany, and Richardson and Sterne in England), were among the pre-eminent examples of the late eighteenth century movement known as the "Age of Sensibility", featuring an increasing focus on subjectivity and introspection that has characterized the modern age. Rousseau also wrote a play and two operas, and made important contributions to music as a theorist. During the period of the French Revolution, Rousseau was the most popular of the philosophes among members of the Jacobin Club. He was interred as a national hero in the Panthéon in Paris, in 1794, sixteen years after his death.
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